When we look at the reality we have before our eyes, we see the surface, the visible. But, underneath that iceberg is another gigantic mass of ice hidden from our view which maintains it and keeps it solid. Imagine you are traveling in a boat, and in the distance you catch sight of an iceberg, you look at it, and what do you see? A mass of ice. That is, there is a conscious part of the information, but there is also another unconscious part. The rest goes unnoticed, which can be compared with an iceberg. Hemingway’s theory in psychology is to say that we only deal with that which we perceive with the naked eye. In the same way, the human behavior is the result apparently rational of enormous submerged psychic energies, which cannot be found except indirectly, through particular expressions of the unconscious as in dreams, in lapses, in substitutions or in forgetfulness.Hemingway’s Iceberg Theory has been applied throughout history to different areas from literature to human resources, and we present to you today this theory applied to the field of psychology. But if we could observe what happens in the deep sea, we would discover that the emerging part represents only one tenth of the entire ice structure. The behavior of individuals would be the tip of the iceberg, which during navigation appears in all its grandeur and majesty. If we take this theory to excess, according to psychoanalysis, each action of the individual finds a base of unconscious motivation, to the point that the metaphor of the human mind as an iceberg soon becomes popular. Each election is a struggle between life and death instinct, between libido (eros) and destruction (thanatos). unconscious (l'Es), as well as the many rules of social coexistence that each individual is forced to accept when he lives in society (the Super-I).įrom this perspective, people's behaviors are determined by the inner conflict between conscious and unconscious, which perpetuates itself incessantly in the psyche of each individual. According to this principle, the rational instances of the conscious Self are opposed to the apparently unfounded ones of the psychic structure.
#Psychoanalysis iceberg how to#
How to apply the iceberg theory in psychology.Īs we have seen, Freud posits a theory of the functioning of the human psyche based on the concept of balance between psychic energies. If you are interested in knowing more about this approach, in this article you will find information about the personality types in psychology according to Sigmund Freud. In addition, it is useful to get to know oneself. It constitutes the most consistent aspect of our personality and its knowledge is essential to the treatment of many psychic illnesses, whose causes reside precisely in the unconscious. submerged part: is most of the iceberg represents the unconscious.emerged part: which is the smallest with respect to the entire mass of ice, it represents consciousness.Precisely, according to Freud, the unconscious is a quite significant example of how to compare the human mind with an iceberg: In this case, some examples of the unconscious of the iceberg theory would be when we dream, when we forget something or when we cannot remember a name that is on the tip of the tongue. In these cases, the cause is unknown, since the reasons underlying our actions are not found directly at the conscious level.
Conversely, many of our behaviors occur without our realizing it. The Freudian Unconsciousįreud's iceberg principle also states that we are not always aware of our actions.
In this sense, some examples of the iceberg theory in psychology could be eating because I have hungry right now, read because I have a desire to learn, listen to music because I'm happy, and so on. A) Yes, our behavior always has a cause that determines it and of which, normally, we are fully aware. With the theory of psychic determinism it is affirmed that in our mind, as well as in the physical world that surrounds us, nothing happens for chance, but is determined by previous events. When it comes to analyzing the motivations that drive us to behave in one way or another, we can take as a reference the research work carried out by Sigmund Freud. The meaning of the iceberg theory proposed by Freud is governed by two essential principles.
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